Machine for forming thermoplastic articles and device utilized in the production thereof

ABSTRACT

An assembly mountable on a machine including a gantry displaceable along an x-axis, a carriage mounted on such gantry displaceable along the y-axis, provided with means for extruding a beam of molten thermoplastic material, a tool carrier mounted on such carriage displaceable along a z-axis, a tool holder mounted on such tool carrier displaceable about a z-axis, a tool support shaft provided with an axis disposed in an x-y plane journalled in such tool holder and rotatable about the axis thereof, a dispenser conduit mounted on such shaft, perpendicular to such shaft axis, means on such dispenser conduit for ejection of a beam of molten thermoplastic material and a flexible hose with a first end supported on such carrier forming a rotary union with such material extrusion means, and a second end communicating with an inlet of such dispenser conduit.

This invention relates to a CNC machine for producing products of selected configurations and more particularly for producing such products by means of an extrusion method. This invention further provides for an improved extrusion device for such machine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

in the prior art, there has been developed a machine for forming products by means of extruding pliable beads of a heated thermoplastic material in various strata to form a roughly configured object which then is machined to produce a finished configuration. In the practice of such process, it has been found that in extruding such material in thin beads, the machine time becomes lengthy, diminishing productivity. It further has been found that by increasing the thickness of the extruded beads in an attempt to improve productivity, additional adverse effects result including a lack of cohesion of engaging bead segments and an excess of material requiring additional machining for removal. Accordingly, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a machine of the type described which is functional in forming products by an extrusion process to a rough configuration approaching a final configuration, requiring a minimal amount of machining to produce the desired configuration thereby improving productivity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The principal object of the present invention is achieved by a device mountable on a tool holder of a CNC machine provided with a worktable surface disposed in an x-y plane, and one of a means for displacing such holder along x, y and z-axes and a means for displacing such holder along y and z-axes and such worktable surface along the x-axis, functional in applying stratified layers of a heated thermoplastic material onto such worktable surface to form a selectively configured body, generally including means mountable on such holder for extruding a bead of such material along the z-axis toward such worktable surface; and means dependable relative to such extruding means including a channel disposed in the x-y plane, provided with an inlet communicable with an outlet of such extruding means, and an open lower side. The cross-sectional configuration or profile of such channel may vary by means of the depth of such channel, the configuration of an upper wall thereof and the number and configurations of one or more side walls thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a CNC machine incorporating the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of a material applicator device mounted on the tool holder of the machine in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a vertical, cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the device shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, illustrating the components thereof in spaced relation and depicting their manner of union;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a rough form of a prospective product, formed by the machine and applicator device shown in FIGS. 1 through 4, illustrating a strata of plies of thermoplastic material applied by such device;

FIG. 6 is a view of the formed product shown in FIG. 5, having been machined to its final configuration;

FIGS. 7 through 10 are enlarged elevational views of the material shaping components of the device shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, illustrating various available interior configurations of the channel portions thereof;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the device shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, illustrating the manner of forming a strata of plies in the course of configuring a rough form of a selected product;

FIG. 12 is a view similar to the view shown in FIG. 11 wherein the device is provided with an alternate interior configuration of the material applying channel as provided by the channel cross-sectional configuration shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a storage rack provided on the worktable of the machine shown in FIG. 1, accommodating a number of applicator components as shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, each provided with a material applying channel having a different cross-sectional configuration; and

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a holding bracket of the rack shown in FIG. 13, illustrating the manner in which a detachable applicator component of the device shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, may be detached and stored therein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is illustrated a CNC machine which embodies the present invention. Such machine includes a bed 20, a worktable 21 mounted on a set of guide rails provided on bed 20, a gantry 22 mounted on bed 20, a carriage 23 mounted on the gantry and a tool holder 24 mounted on the carriage, provided with a device 25 for extruding, shaping and applying a bead of molten thermoplastic material. Worktable 21 is provided with a planar support surface 26 lying in an x-y plane and is displaceable along the y-axis by means of a pair of threaded members driven by a pair of servomotors. Gantry 22 includes a pair of laterally spaced leg portions 27 and 28 rigidly supported on the machine bed and a transversely disposed portion 29 supported on the upper ends of such leg portions. A pair of vertically spaced, transversely disposed guide rails 30 and 31 are provided on the forwardly facing surface of gantry transverse portion 29, and an additional transversely disposed guide rail 32 is provided on an upper surface thereof. Carriage 23 is supported on transverse guide rails 30, 31 and 32 and displaceable along the x-axis by means of a threaded member driven by a servomotor. Similarly, toolholder 24 is mounted on a set of vertical guide rails 33 and 34 mounted on the front face of carriage 23, and is displaceable along the z-axis by means of a threaded member driven by a servomotor. in the conventional manner, such servomotors are operated by a control computer pursuant to the execution of a selected program inputted into such computer.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 4, device 25 includes a pliable material extruding component 35 and a detachable pliable, extruded material applicator component 36. Component 35 includes a conduit 37 mounted on the tool holder and connected at one end thereof to a source of a heated, pliable thermostatic material provided on or in proximity to the machine, narrowing into a nozzle section 37 a providing an outlet 37 b, and an annular appendage 38 provided with a frusto-conically configured side wall 38 a and an annular bottom wall 38 b.

Applicator component 36 includes an upper receptor segment 39 and a lower shaping segment 40. As best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, segment 39 includes an upper, annular surface 39 a encircling an axially disposed recess defined by a frusto- conically configured side wall 39 b and a annular bottom wall 39 c provided with an axially disposed opening 39 d. The outer surface of segment 39 further is provided with a pair of transversely spaced, parallel guide slots 39 e and 39 f which lie in an x-y plane perpendicular to the axis of the recess defined by side wall 39 b and bottom wall 39 c.

Lower shaping segment 40 of component 36 is fairly elongated and has a U-shaped cross-sectional configuration including a planar base portion 40 a and a pair of transversely spaced depending portions 40 b and 40 c defining a channel 41 disposed perpendicular relative to the axis of the recess defined by inner walls 39 b and 39 c of segment 39. Base portion 40 a further is provided with an opening communicating with axially disposed opening 39 d in segment 39.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the lower surface of appendage 38 and the surfaces defining the recess in segment 39 are configured so that appendage 38 may be nested in the recess of segment 39 with bottom surface 38 b of appendage 38 seated on bottom wall 39 c of segment 39, side surface 38 a engaging sidewall 39 b and nozzle 37 a inserted through opening 39 d to intercommunicate opening 37 b of nozzle section 37 a through opening 39 d with the interior of segment 40. Such nesting provides for heated, pliable thermoplastic material extruded by extruder segment 35, to flow into and be shaped by the interior cross-sectional configuration of shaping segment 40 thereby applying a segment of a bead of heated material on the worktable surface of the machine or atop a formed bead of material pursuant to a programmed procedure in forming a configured object. Such nested relationship of segments 35 and 36 is intended to be detachable as provided by a set of spring- loaded ball plungers 42, 42 spaced 180° apart, provided in appendage 38, cooperable with mating recesses 43, 43 provided in surface 39 b of the recess in segment 39. Upon being vertically aligned as shown in FIG. 4, the appendage portion of segment 37 may be inserted into the recess of segment 36, and be detachable secured in an operable position with respect to segment 35.

The essential function of segment 40 is to shape heated, thermoplastic material received from segment 35, into plies which may be applied in layers to form a strata of such plies, roughly configured in the form shown in FIG. 5, minimally greater than the intended configuration of a final product as shown in FIG. 6. Such plies are formed sufficiently thin so as to readily fuse with abutting plies yet sufficiently thick so as to minimize subsequent machining in forming such final product. The plies are of a suitable cross-sectional configuration so as to facilitate the formation of a rough configuration close to the final configuration of the intended product, thus minimizing the amount of machining of the roughly formed product into the final product.

Referring to FIGS. 5 through 10, there is illustrated several material shaping segments providing variously configured ply forming channels which are effective in producing a sufficiently thin ply of extruded molten material so as to assure fusion with abutting plies, and a cross-sectional configuration thereof facilitating the formation of a preliminary product configuration minimally greater than a final product configuration which would require a minimal amount of machining to acquire. In forming such plies, the shaping segment as shown in FIG. 7 includes a base portion 40 a and a pair of depending portions 40 b and 40 c generally defining a rectangular, cross-sectional area with a small thickness thereby assuring fusion of abutting plies. FIG. 8 provides for a segment similar to the segment shown in FIG. 7 but with a base portion provided with a serrated cross-sectional configuration, providing increased abutting surface area thereby enhancing the fusion of engaging plies. FIG. 9 provides for a segment comparable to the segment shown in FIG. 7 but with the depending side portions being angled relative to the base portion thereof to form a trapazoidally configured cross-sectional area, providing an alternative side-by-side abutment arrangement for laterally aligned plies. FIG. 10 provides for a segment similar to the segment of FIG. 7 but with one of the depending portions omitted. It is contemplated that such a configuration would be effective in configuring a ply of material disposed along a portion of a perimeter of an object being formed.

FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the manner in which an object consisting of a strata of plies may be formed utilizing a device 25 as shown in FIGS. 1 through 4, perhaps equipped with a shaping segment as shown in FIG. 7 or 8.

The detachability of component 36 from component 35 allows the selective use of a number of different components 36 providing shaping segments of differently configured, internal cross-sections as shown in FIGS. 7 through 10 and perhaps in addition thereto. Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, there is a provided storage rack 50 disposed in a linear array on the bed of the machine including a set holding brackets 51, each adapted to mount an applicator component 36 provided with a uniquely configured applicator component, readily accessible by extrusion component 35 mounted on the tool holder of the machine, The brackets are arranged in a row along the x-axis, each including a pair of L-shaped sidewalls 51 a and 51 b, a top wall 51 c, and a set of front and rear walls 51 d and 51 e. As best as shown in FIG. 13, the front edge of the top wall Sic of each bracket is provided with a recess 51 f having a suitably opposed edges for accommodating and thereby supporting the guide slots 39 e and 39 f of a component 36. Each of such bracket recesses is disposed along a y-axis allowing a tool holder to align parallel guide slots 39 e and 39 f of a mounted component 36 with the side edges of a slot 51 f and displace it along the y-axis in mounting and dismounting a component 36 onto and off of a selected bracket.

In the use of a machine as described to form an object as shown in FIG. 5, with a holding bracket 51 positioned as shown in FIG. 14, the control computer of the machine suitably programmed and a heated, moldable thermoplastic material postured to be supplied through component 35, the program functions to maneuver the tool holder with component 35 mounted thereon, along the x, y and z-axes to align such component along the z-axis with a recess 39 b of a selected bracket as shown in FIG. 4, and then displace it downwardly to nest component 35 in the recess of a component 36 and secure it thereto by means of the plunger and recess arrangement. With component 36 thus suitably connected to component 35 by means of spring-loaded plungers 42, 42, the execution of the inputted program will operate to supply molten thermoplastic material to device 52 and displace such device along the x, y and z-axes to form an object of thermoplastic material as shown in FIG. 5, in a manner as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. In the course of applying such plies, components 36 of differently configured applicator segments 40 may be employed as provided in rack 50 and dictated by the inputted program. Once the rough configuration of the intended product has been completed and has set, such object can be machined to provide the finally configured product as shown in FIG. 6.

In lieu of the CNC machine being provided with a worktable displaceable along the x-axis and the tool holder being displaceable along the y and z-axes, the worktable may be fixed and the tool holder may be displaceable along the x, y and z-axes in a conventional manner. The supply of a heated pliable thermoplastic material may be provided on the bed of the machine or located exteriorly of the machine. With respect to rack 50, an electric strip heater 52 may be provided below the over reaching portions of brackets 50 for heating the components 36 resting thereon so as to be sufficiently heated for facilitating the shaping and extruding of a beam of molten material in the course of forming a stratified rough object. In addition, the machine as described in connection with the production of a stratified rough object, may be provided with a tool holder structured to accommodate either a pliable material extruder device for forming a stratified rough object or a cutting tool for machining such rough object into a finished product. Obviously, suitable control programs would be required for forming the molded preliminary object and shaping such object when cooled and solidified.

As previously indicated, the cross-sectional configuration of the material receiving channel of the shaping segment of the applicator component not only provides for a ply of sufficiently thin thickness for fusing with abutting plies but for the formation of a stratified object configuration minimally larger than the final product being produced. The availability of a number of applicator components provided with differently configured shaping segments further facilitates the formation of the rough object to be machined to a final configuration. Such capabilities not only result in a saving of material but a reduction in final machining time, thereby improving productivity.

From the foregoing detailed description, it will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptations and modifications of the present invention, which come within the province of those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the aforementioned invention pertains. However, it is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be considered as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the appended claims. 

I claim:
 1. A CNC machine operable in forming a body of a selected configuration, comprising: a worktable supported on a bed having a support surface disposed in an x-y plane; a transversely disposed gantry supported on said bed; a carriage supported on said gantry displaceable along the x-axis; a tool holder supported in said carriage, displaceable along a z-axis; a control computer operable pursuant to an inputted operating program to displace at least one of said gantry, said carriage, and said tool holder; an extruder mountable on said tool holder having an inlet connected to a source of a heated, pliable thermoplastic material and an outlet nozzle directable toward said worktable, wherein a diameter of the outlet nozzle is smaller than a diameter of the inlet of the extruder, wherein the extruder includes an annular appendage surrounding the extruder, and wherein the outlet nozzle extends distally of the annular appendage; and an applicator detachably mountable on said extruder, the applicator comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion including a recess configured to receive and detachably secure the annular appendage, and the lower portion including a bottom opening, wherein the bottom opening is configured to receive the outlet nozzle of said extruder, wherein said lower portion includes a planar base portion and at least one depending wall extending from the planar base portion toward said worktable, and wherein an entirety of said at least one depending wall is disposed distally of the bottom opening.
 2. The CNC machine of claim 1, wherein said annular appendage of said extruder and said upper portion of said applicator are provided with corresponding frusto-conically configured surfaces engageable when said annular appendage of said extruder is nested in the recess of said upper portion of said applicator.
 3. The CNC machine of claim 2, wherein one of said extruder and said applicator is provided with a spring loaded plunger and the other thereof is provided with a cooperable mating recess, functional upon the nesting of said extruder in the upper portion of said applicator, to detachably connect said applicator to said extruder.
 4. The CNC machine of claim 1, wherein said lower portion of said applicator is provided with said planar base portion and at least one depending wall functional to impart at least a partial, selected cross-sectional configuration of a ply of pliable material extruded therethrough.
 5. The CNC machine of claim 1, wherein said at least one depending wall extending from the planar base portion is disposed at an angle relative to said planar base portion, and said planar base portion includes a serrated surface.
 6. The CNC machine of claim 1, including at least one storage rack supported on said bed provided with at least one planar member disposed in an x-y plane, having an edge with at least one notch provided with a pair of spaced edges, and wherein said applicator includes a pair of laterally opening guide slots having base surfaces laterally spaced similarly to the spaced edges of said rack notch, permitting said applicator to be inserted into said recess and onto said rack.
 7. The CNC machine of claim 6, wherein said rack includes at least an additional one of said notches for receiving and storing a second applicator.
 8. An additive manufacturing device, comprising: an extruder including a conduit having a first end portion and a second end portion, wherein the first end portion includes a first diameter and is operably coupled to a source of heated, pliable thermoplastic material, wherein the second end portion tapers to an outlet nozzle having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter, wherein the second portion includes an annular appendage extending radially away therefrom, and wherein the annular appendage includes a first frusto-conical configuration; and at least one applicator configured to releasaby receive the second end portion of the extruder conduit, wherein the at least one applicator includes an annular portion having a second frusto-conical configuration corresponding to the first frusto-conical configuration such that the annular portion of the at least one applicator is configured to releasably receive and engage the annular appendage of the extruder, wherein the annular portion includes an opening in a lower end thereof, the opening being configured to receive the outlet nozzle therein, and wherein the at least one applicator further includes a lower shaping segment, wherein the lower shaping segment includes a planar base wall and at least one depending wall extending at an angle to and away from the planar base wall, wherein an entirety of the at least one depending wall is disposed distally of the outlet nozzle when the second end portion of the extruder conduit is received in the applicator.
 9. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein the annular appendage includes at least one spring-loaded plunger.
 10. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein the at least one spring-loaded plunger includes a plurality of spring-loaded plungers.
 11. The additive manufacturing device of claim 9, wherein the at least one spring-loaded plunger is configured to engage a corresponding recess on an inner surface of the annular portion of the extruder.
 12. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein the least one depending wall includes a plurality of depending walls.
 13. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein the angle is a 90 degree angle.
 14. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein the angle is one of an obtuse or an acute angle.
 15. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein said planar base wall includes a serrated surface.
 16. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, wherein said planar base wall and the at least one depending wall impart at least a partial, selected cross-sectional configuration of a ply of pliable material extruded therethrough.
 17. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, further comprising at least one storage rack configured to receive and store a plurality of applicators therein.
 18. The additive manufacturing device of claim 8, further comprising a heater disposed adjacent the at least one storage rack. 